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Preheat the oven to 350 degrees (or 325 if you’re using a dark pan).
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Pour the melted butter into the bottom of a 13-by-9-inch baking pan. Sprinkle the brown sugar over the butter in an even layer.
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Drain the pineapple rings, reserving the juice for the cake. Arrange the pineapple over the brown sugar and place a cherry in the center of each pineapple slice. Arrange additional cherries around the slices; lightly press the cherries and pineapple into the brown sugar.
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Measure out 1 cup of the reserved pineapple juice (if you don’t have enough add a little water). Combine the juice, cake mix, vegetable oil, eggs, and vanilla (if using) in a large mixing bowl and beat with an electric mixer set to medium speed for 2 minutes, until batter is smooth.
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Pour the batter into the pan and gently smooth the top. Tap the pan on the counter a couple of times to eliminate air bubbles, then bake 38 to 44 minutes, until a toothpick inserted into the center of the cake comes out clean. Remove from the oven and quickly run a knife around the edge of the pan.
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Place a large serving platter or cutting board on top of the pan and flip them both over. Let the cake pan sit on the platter/cutting board for 5 minutes, then carefully remove. Cool cake for 30 minutes, then serve (topped with whipped cream if desired).
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Cake will last loosely covered in the fridge for up to 2 days.